Sample Essay
The main metaphors that are employed to better understand the system and its interaction with the environments are highlighted by Jackson(1991) in his book as the machine metaphor or the pre-systems metaphor, the organic metaphor, the cultural metaphor, the political metaphor as well as the neuro-cybernetic metaphor.
The machine metaphor is based on a closed system and deals with the efficient of the parts which make up the system and the organization. It is applicable on issues that deal with routine and repetitive where the activities are all predefined. In order for this metaphor to be applicable the environment surrounding the organization needs to be stable with low level of changes taking place in the environment. The neuro-cybernetic metaphor focuses on active learning in the organization and the implementation of control where the focus s in on the processing of the information and the efficient and effective dissemination of the information and data througth the communication networks that can enable the organization to learn. This is useful in cases where the organization seeks to promote self enquiry, dynamic goal seeking while having autonomous workgroups and operates in a high level of uncertainty. The political metaphor on the other hand emphasizes the relationship that exists between the staff and the employees in the organization as well as their social and work groups. The main issues targeted here are the issues that pertain to personal interests, power and conflict of ideology/ power. This metaphor is useful if the there is prevalence of political activities in the organization (Jackson, 1991).
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